Sunday, July 20, 2014

The Definition of Religion

It is estimated there are over 4,200 different religions in the world today; some Christians believe there are as many as 30,000 different Christian Protestant branches alone! 

With such an extensive figure, it would literally take decades, if not centuries, to thoroughly research such vast information!      

The mere problem in defining what "religion" means has produced a large ordination of scholarly works that are oftentimes in conflict with one another. 

Some believe religion is merely a man-made vocation, brought about by the politics of mankind; while others think religion is a necessary means of connecting with a higher power.    

However, the essence of religion can be understood only by following the history of various religions of mankind and comparing them. In doing so, one may find the common denominator of them all. 

The difference between religion and theology is that religion is something subjective (personal) and limited through the thoughts of the individual about one or many supreme beings. Theology, on the other hand, represents an objective (impersonal) system in which beliefs and ideas are defined.

The common element contained within any religion is based upon the belief in one god, many gods, or no god at all. Such elements fall into the following categories:
  1. Monotheism - belief in one god.
  2. Polytheism - belief in many gods.
  3. Henotheism - belief in one god superior to all others.
  4. Deism - belief in one god, but believes in the rejection of God's supernatural powers and being indifferent to mankind.
  5. Atheism - belief there is no god or gods.
It has been suggested by many scholars and theologians, that all forms of religion are historically connected and related to each other; however, this aspect has not been appropriately proven. In this respect, the popular meaning of the word "religion" would be better defined as a "religious creed".

In the United States of America, according to the First Amendment of the U. S. Constitution, it states: 

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." 

Unlike some countries around the world, it is a 'Right' of the American to choose and freely practice the religion of their choice.

In researching, the author has found that various religions of the world could be considered the backbone of mankind's strength and power. Religion, in this sense, is a man-made ordinance for the self-preservation of humankind. Some believe religion is the embodiment of survival; in this respect, others feel it is wrong to identify religion with the expression of mere emotions.

For others, religion could be the testament of mankind's need for the recognition of the existence of a supreme being, regardless of its form and powers. This aspect reflects mankind's tendency to feel dependent on one or more superior beings, which is the common aspect accepted by the majority of the human race.

According to some theologians, the essence of religion can best be described as sharing a common belief in one Superior Being; a Creator who is all-knowing and all-powerful. 

Many will agree this is the common denominator of most all religions in the world today. 

Any way one wishes to look at or examine religion, it has definitely gone through a process of development over the thousands of years of mankind's existence, and has continued gradually from antecessor factors and pre-existing conditions. 

The definition of religion according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary is as follows...


re·li·gion
noun\ri-ˈli-jən/
  • the belief in a god or in a group of gods
  • an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods           
  • an interest, a belief, or an activity that is very important to a person or group 





When it comes to religion, and its many definitions, the only question that remains is... Who's ? Right



Saturday, July 12, 2014

6,000 Years of History Summed Up in One Post

According to the timeline of most Holy Books, historical mankind has been around for over 6,000 years. The following "historical" timeline is based on B. C. (Before Christ) and A. D. (Anno Domini... Latin for "In the Year of the Lord")
           

TIMELINE OF HISTORICAL MANKIND
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
4,000 BC              2000 BC               1000 AD               2000 AD  

4000 B. C. - 3000 B. C. 
  • First humans {Adam and Eve} created; Satan entered the world; first children born {Cain and Abel};  first murder committed [Cain killed Abel]; Seth (Adam's 3rd son) born; Cainan (son of Enosh; grandson of Seth) held an ancient universal empire and noted for his wisdom and miraculous powers. 
  • Lamech (son of Methusael from lineage of Cain) was first polygamist on record, having married two wives {Adah & Zillah}; intermarriages of the descendants of Cain and descendants of Seth began; immortality, violence and godlessness increased. 
  • Enoch (son of Jared from lineage of Seth) was an eminent astronomer, mathematician and prophet of God [he was the first documented human to disappear from the Earth]; Methuselah (son of Enoch from lineage of Seth) oldest man on record, living 969 years; intermarriages of descendants of Cain and Seth continue; marriage between brother and sister was common practice; violence and revelry increases. 
  • Adam, the first historical man, died at the age of 930 years. 
3000 B. C. - 2000 B. C.
  • Seth (son of Adam) died at the age of 912 years; Noah (son of Lamech) was born (c/2944); violence, hostility and debauchery described the ancient society of mankind; Noah's sons {Shem, Japheth, Ham} are born; Noah called by God to start building an ark and to warn mankind of a horrid and impending flood. 
  • The Great Flood deluged the earth. Note: There are different dates assigned to the flood of Noah: Septuagint (3246); Josephus (3146); Samaritan Pent (2998); Clinton Bible (2482); Playfair Bible (2352); Usher English Bible (2348); and, Hebrew Bible (2288).
  • Noah's sons began to repopulate the world; Nimrod (from the lineage of Ham) founded Babylon [or Chaldea] and made Ur the capitol; Tower of Babel was started (c/2250); Destruction of Tower of Babel caused statistical dispersion of Babylon's population (c/2247). People of the world were divided into different language groups. 
  • Fohi founded China. [According to Chinese folklore, Fohi was the Noah of the Christian, Islamic and Jewish Bibles. He is credited with inventing a symbolic mode of writing, music, dressmaking and the custom of sacrificing at the solstices]
2000 B. C. - 1000 B. C.
  • Noah died at 950 years (c/1998); Abraham was born during this era; great famine of Egypt occurred (c/1919); Abraham's first son, Ishmael, was born; the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed (c/1898).
  • Abraham's second son, Isaac, was born; first immigration into Greece by Inachus began (c/1856); Whang-ti, credited with invention of the magnet, became emperor of China at 12 years of age (c/1852).
  • Twins sons of Isaac {Esau and Jacob} were born; Jacob's 12 sons (aka: 12 Tribes of Israel) were born during this era; Abraham died at the age of 175 years (c/1821); Jacob's son, Joseph, sold by his brothers to Egypt during adolescence and later made governor of Egypt (c/1715) during first Hebrew bondage.
  • Babylonian Empire became permanently united; the capital, Babylon the Great, was known as the "queen city of the world" for over 1,700 years; Krishna flourished about this time in India (c/1600); Hatasu became Queen of Egypt-ruled 20 years.
  • Moses was born and adopted into the Egyptian royal family; Troy, Athens and Thebes were founded during the days of Moses. In 1491, the following occurred: Moses was called by God to deliver His people from Egypt [after being in bondage for 430 years]; the ten (10) plagues of Egypt incorporated; the Passover was instituted; the exodus of the Hebrew nation from Egypt; the Ten (10) Commandments issued; the theocracy, under God, began and lasted 396 years.
  • Helen came to power in Greece (c/1459); Moses purportedly died on Mt. Nebo at age of 120 years [burial location unknown]; the 12 Tribes of Israel reached the 'Promised Land' and entered Canaan 40 years after the exodus; Hebrew nation began to abandon the Theocracy and established Judges; Othnel was the first Jewish Judge-ruled for 40 years (c/1409); 
  • Nineteenth Dynasty of Thebes began under the rule of Ramesses I (c/1399); Ramesses II (son of Seti I & grandson of Ramesses I) came to power-ruled Egypt 61 years... known as the "King of Persecution". Note: Ramesses II built cities with magnificent temples, the Great Wall [30 miles long] and introduced polygamy in Egypt (c/1373).
  • Siculi, from Italy, settled Sicily (c/1293); Assyria and Babylon unite under Tiglathninip I (c/1271); Rimmon became king of Babylon, beginning its separation from Assyria (c/1230); Philistine and Ammonite oppression of Israel began; the decline of Egypt began (much art work and literature were lost to antiquity).
  • The Trojan War began (c/1184); the Theocracy of the Israelites completely abandoned and the Jewish Monarchy began; Saul (son of Kish, from the tribe of Benjamin), became first king of Israel (c/1095).
  • The united  Kingdom of Israel became a mighty power under the second king, David - son of Jesse (c/1055) and, his son, Solomon (c/1015).
1000 B. C. - 0001 B. C.
  • King Solomon died and the Great Schism occurred, causing the 12 Tribes of Israel to divide {Northern (Israel) & Southern (Judah) Kingdoms}; Dayan II became king of Assyria (930); Benhadad became king of Syria (925); Nebo-Baladan became king of Babylon and a boundary was predetermined by a treaty with Assyria (880).
  • Romulus, founder of Rome was born in 770 and his kingdom was established in 753; Assyria conquered Babylon (700); the ten Northern tribes of Israel were carried away to Assyria [Note: the prophet Elijah, was the second human to disappear from the earth during this era]; Esarhaddon restored Babylon (651); Rome flourished under reign of Tarquin (616); Lao-Tze was born (604).
  • Nebuchadnezzar became king of Babylon-ruled 43 years; Southern Kingdom (of the Great Schism) taken into captivity (588); Confucius was born in China (559); Cyrus conquered Babylon, releasing the Southern Kingdom from bondage; Zerubbabel, governor of Jerusalem, was sent to Judah to rebuild the temple (destroyed by Babylon); Gautama Buddha was born during this era. 
  • Egypt became a Persian province (527); Dehli was founded in India (400); 24 books of Tanakh (Old Testament) were completed; 400 years of Biblical silence started (397); Phillip II became king of Macedon and married Cleopatra (359); Alexander the Great became king of Macedon and later conquered the then known world, creating the Greek Empire and ending the Persian Empire.
  • The Great Wall of China (extending 1,500 miles) was completed (236); Jewish Sanhedrin was first mentioned (198); the Septuagint was translated and transcribed at Alexandria in Egypt (175); Macedon conquered by Rome, bringing the Greek Empire to an end and the start of the great rise of the Roman Empire. (168).
  • Britain discovered by the Romans (84); first Triumvirate of Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey were formed (53); Sanhedrin took over as ruler of the Jews; Syria became part of Rome (48); Julius Caesar assassinated (44).
  • Augustus Caesar became first emperor of Rome (27); John the Baptist was born (c/5); Jesus of Nazareth was born (c/4); the ancient B.C. era comes to an end and the modern A.D. period begins.
0001 A.D - 1000 A. D.
  • Tiberius Caesar became emperor of Rome-ruled 22 years (14); John the Baptist beheaded (c/27); Jesus was crucified (c/28); first council of the Apostles was held at Jerusalem (50); Nero came to power in Rome (54). 
  • Titus, Roman Emperor, captured Jerusalem and plundered the city [most horrific war since beginning of mankind with over one million deaths]; the second Jewish temple destroyed (70); 27 books of the New Testament completed (96); Christian apostles spread ministries throughout Britain (178).
  • Constantine the Great became the first Christian emperor of Rome (306); invasion of the Huns occurred (374); the great empire of Rome was divided into the Greek (Eastern) empire and the Roman (Western) empire (395); Belgium revolted from Rome, setting Germany in motion for gaining their independence (409); the empire of the Huns {under the leadership of Attila and Bleda} ravaged Europe (433).
  • The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred in 476 under the rule of Romulus Augustulus and the Eastern Greek Empire fell in 480, officially bringing the Roman Empire to an end; the "Middle Ages" started and the rise of the feudal system began.
  • Muhammad, the Islamic prophet, was born (c/569); the holy prophet began preaching and the Qur'an was written (610); Muhammad spread the word of Allah for 17 years; the Islamic prophet died from an illness aggravated by poison (632); Muslim Spain emerged under the rule of the Emirs (714); Papal Rome began (755); first government of Russia was established (762); Europe began to take shape (as we know it today) during this era.
1000 A.D. - 2014 A.D.
  • Muslim Spain divided into independent states (1031); the Crusades began [there were 8 crusades from 1096 to 1099]; Jerusalem captured by Crusaders and turned over to Christian control (1099); city of Moscow built (1157).
  • Genghis Khan founded the Mongul monarchy (c/1164); Wickliffe Bible was translated (1380); American continent officially discovered by Christopher Columbus (1492); Nostradamus, the prophetic seer, was born (1503); Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church (1517) and began the Protestant movement (1529).
  • Fierce religious wars spread throughout Europe (1563); Bishop's Bible was created (1568); the Dutch discovered Australia (1606); Jamestown, Virginia became the first settlement in the American "New World" (1607); the authorized King James Version of Christian Bible was published (1611); Wickliffe's New Testament was printed (1731).
  • United States of America was founded (1776) and the American Revolutionary War commenced until the British were defeated (1783);
  • Napoleon became emperor of France (1804); Napoleon was banished from England after the Battle of Waterloo (1815). [The Napoleonic War claimed over three million lives, making this the second worse battle in mankind's history.]
  • The American Civil War ravaged the country (1862-1865); American slaves gain their freedom (1865); Wright Brothers flew the first manned flight (1903); Germany led the world into World War I (1914).
  • British captured Jerusalem and Islamic rule in Palestine ended as the Turkish-Ottoman Empire was destroyed in 1923 [this battle for power began in 1299]; Jews were allowed to return to the Holy Land, ending an 1,800 year lock-out.
  • Communism seized power in Russia and set up an anti-religion state; Vatican City was was formed (1929); Great Depression swept across the world (1929); Adolf Hitler, a German dictator, led the world into World War II and the Jewish Holocaust began (1939). [Over six million died in this war, making it the third worse war in history]; World War II ended (1945).
  • The Cold War began and the United Nations were formed (1947); the Jewish nation of Israel was founded by a United Nations' mandate (1948); Communists launch war in Korea (1950); Hydrogen bomb invented (1953); Vietnam War began (1955); Soviet Union first to orbit the Earth in space (1961); Israel defeats Arab rule of the Holy Land in the Six Day War, reclaiming Eastern Jerusalem {aka: Old City} (1967).
  • United States landed on the moon (1969); First Persian Gulf War broke out (1990); Communism crumbled and the Soviet Union was dissolved; the first Gulf War ended (1992); world population increased to six billion people (1999); Afghanistan War began (2001); the Iraq War began {aka: Second Persian Gulf War} (2003).
  • World population increases to seven billion (2011); Middle East unrest continues to ravage the land with many civil and regional wars breaking out (2014).
Note: All research on this post came from various sources, such as Bible GatewayEncyclopedia Britannica, Wikipedia, World Book Online, World Digital Library and many more websites.


Saturday, July 5, 2014

100 Greatest Unsolved Mysteries

Note from the Editor:

Two years ago I began the Who's ? Right blog and, with this article, I have officially reached my 100th blog post! In honor of my 100th article, I would like to list 100 of the greatest unsolved mysteries of all time... (compiled by the Who's ? Right Blog)

100 - The Bronze Age Collapse (Southwestern Asia/Eastern Mediterranean)
  99 - Toynbee Tiles (USA & South America)
  98 - Bigfoot (North America/Pacific Northwest)
  97 - Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine (Arizona; USA) 
  96 - The Remains of Christopher Columbus (Unknown location)
  95 - Disappearance of Gugewangguo (ancient Georgia; China/Tibet)
  94 - Oak Island Money Pit (off the coast of Nova Scotia)
  93 - Adolf Hitler's Stolen Wealth (Unknown location)
  92 - The Abandoned Mary Celeste (Atlantic Ocean)
  91 - The Lost Roman Legion (Eastern Gobi Desert; China)
  90 - Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Civilization (Afghanistan/Pakistan/India)
  89 - The Tunguska Explosion (Russia)
  88 - Flying Dutchman Ghost Ship (off the Cape of Good Hope)
  87 - Genghis Khan's Final Resting Place (Unknown location)
  86 - The Zodiac Letters (California; USA)
  85 - Black Knight Satellite (Outer Space)
  84 - UVB-76 Radio Station [aka: The Buzzer] (Russia)
  83 - Angel Hair (North America, New Zealand, Australia & Western Europe)
  82 - Disappearance of the USS Cyclops (North Atlantic Ocean)
  81 - Paranormal Auras (worldwide)
  80 - The Unexplained "Hum" (USA, UK and Northern Europe)
  79 - UFO Sightings (worldwide)  
  78 - Baigong Pipes (Qinghai Province; China)
  77 - Impossible Fossils (worldwide)
  76 - Storsjöodjuret [aka: The Great-Lake Monster] (Jämtland; Sweden)
  75 - Biblical City of Bethel (near present day Jerusalem, Israel; Unknown location)
  74 - Disappearance of Amelia Earhart (Pacific Ocean)
  73 - Jack the Ripper (London, England)
  72 - Loch Ness Monster (Scottish Highlands; Scotland)
  71 - The Obscure Matter of Stigmata (worldwide)
  70 - Disappearance of the Colonists of Roanoke (present day North Carolina; USA)
  69 - Deafening Sound over Jodhpur (Rajasthan; India)
  68 - S.S. Ourang Medan Incident (Southeast of Marshall Islands; Malaysia)
  67 - Star of Bethlehem (c/4 B.C.: appeared in sky; present day Palestine)
  66 - Crystal Skulls (Mexico/Central America)
  65 - Am Fear Liath Mòr [aka: The Greyman] (Cairngorms Mts.; Scotland)
  64 - Kingdom of Shambhala (Inner Asia)
  63 - Beloved Disciple of Jesus (Unknown)
  62 - Roswell UFO Incident (New Mexico; USA)
  61 - The Bog People (Northern Europe)
  60 - Los Lunas Decalogue Stone [aka: Commandment Rock] (New Mexico; USA)
  59 - Strange Luminescent Lights (Bay of Bengal; Northeast Indian Ocean)
  58 - Tomb of Alexander the Great (Unknown location)
  57 - Mysterious Crop Circles (worldwide)
  56 - The Uffington White Horse (near Stonehenge; Oxfordshire, England
  55 - Flying Stone in Kamar Ali Darvesh Dargah (Pune; India)
  54 - Disappearance of Inca Empire (present day Peru; South America)
  53 - Lost Cosmonauts Conspiracy (former Soviet Union; present day Russia)
  52 - The Nephilim (Biblical Giants) (Caanan; Ancient Near East)
  51 - The Biblical John (many theories about who he was)
  50 - Legendary City of Agartha (middle/core of the Earth)
  49 - The Tarim Mummies (Xinjiang; China)
  48 - The Cross of Jesus (Unknown location)
  47 - Cliff Dwellings of the Anasazi (Colorado; USA)
  46 - Iron Pillar of Delhi (Delhi, India)
  45 - The Hessdalen Light (HoltÃ¥len, Norway)
  44 - Face on Mars (planet; Mars)
  43 - The Biblical Golgotha (near Jerusalem, Israel; Unknown location)
  42 - Mysterious Marfa Lights (Texas; USA)
  41 - Beale Ciphers/Beale Papers (Virginia; USA)
  40 - The Valentich Disappearance (over Bass Strait in Australia)
  39 - Baghdad Battery/Parthian Battery (ancient Mesopotamia; present day Iraq)
  38 - Sliding Stones of Death Valley (California; USA)
  37 - Construction of the Great Pyramids of Giza (present day El Giza; Egypt)
  36 - Aluminum Wedge of Aiud (Auid, Romania)
  35 - Bimini Road (off coast of Bimini Island; Bahamas)
  34 - Disappearance of Mayan Civilization (Southern Mexico to Northern Honduras)
  33 - The Klerksdorp Spheres [aka: Grooved Spheres] (near Ottosdal, South Africa)
  32 - The Wow! Signal (Ohio; USA)
  31 - Georgia Guidestones [aka: American Stonehenge] (Georgia; USA)
  30 - Virgin Birth of Jesus (Bethlehem; present day Palestine)
  29 - Ten Lost Tribes of Israel (Unknown)
  28 - Riddle of the Sphinx (Egypt)
  27 - Lost City of Atlantis (Unknown location)
  26 - Giant Stone Balls (Diquís Delta and on the Isla del Caño; Costa Rica)
  25 - Shroud of Turin (Turin, Italy)
  24 - Nazca Geoglyphs/Nazca Lines (Nazca Desert; Southern Peru)
  23 - Sego Canyon Petroglyphs (Utah; USA)
  22 - Shugborough Inscription (Staffordshire, England)
  21 - Phaistos Disc (present day Crete)
  20 - The Bermuda Triangle (North Atlantic Ocean)
  19 - The Ica Stones (Ica Province; Peru)
  18 - Oera Linda Book (Frisa Province; Northwest Netherlands) 
  17 - Kryptos (Virginia; USA)
  16 - The Dropa Stones (Asia; People's Republic of China) 
  15 - Rongorongo (Easter Island; Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean)
  14 - Piri Reis Map (Istanbul, Turkey)
  13 - Voynich Manuscript (Connecticut; USA)
  12 - Stonehenge (Wiltshire, England)
  11 - Egyptian Hieroglyphs [aka: Rosetta Stone] (British Museum; England)
  10 - The Holy Grail (Unknown location)
    7 - The Beginning and End of the Universe (Unknown)
    6 - Mankind's Memory and Learning Process (Unknown)
    5 - Search for Noah's Ark (purported to be on Mount Ararat; Turkey)
    4 - Biblical Garden of Eden (Unknown location)
    3 - Ark of the Covenant (Unknown location)
    2 - Origins of Mankind (Unknown)
    1 - The Supreme Being [aka: God, Allah, Jehovah] (Unknown)